Saturday, 20 October 2012

renewable energy


Renewable Energy Sources For Dummies….Let Us Break It Down For You

It seems like every time I turn on the news or open the morning paper there is something about ‘renewable energy sources’. I felt like I had been living under a rock because I wasn’t sure at all of what this was or how it would affect me. So, like many of you I decided to research it.
Renewable energy basically stands for ‘natural resources’. So renewable energy resources are ways of obtaining energy through natural things we can find in our environment.
renewable energy resources
( photo by masg.org )
Examples of renewable energy resources which you have most likely heard of are wind and sunlight. Afew sources of renewable energy that you may not have heard of as I had not are water, rain and tides.

Wind Power

A renewable energy source you may have seen in recent years is the wind power resource. Usually wind power is seen in the form of a wind turbine or windmill. A windmill works like this; as the wind powers the mill in circles, energy is created.
So, the more wind more energy will be created. Because of this, countries tend to put their wind turbines in areas where stronger and more consistent winds are known to be. These areas are usually in high altitude sites and near the oceans.
wind mills
( photo by roebedo )
Overall, wind as a renewable energy source is one of the more preferred sources as it is proven to work efficiently. There are no tricks to wind power; as long as there is wind there will be an energy source.
The only criticism of wind power however as a universal renewable energy resource, is that in order to fully provide sources of energy to the world or even parts of the world, there would have to be wind turbines everywhere and critics fear we do not have enough land for that.

Water power

Another renewable energy source which you have most likely seen several times in your life but maybe weren’t aware it was a source of renewable energy is water power.
Water power as a source of energy can be in the form of hydroelectric energy, micro hydro systems, damless hydro systems, ocean energy in the form or marine current power, ocean thermal energy conversion and tidal power, and wave power.
water power
( photo by bluesmoon )
Water as a source of renewable energy is a little more difficult to explain and to understand. While wind power is something you can see and is something abstract that you can actually imagine taking place, water power as a renewable energy resource is a bit more complex.
Imagine that there is actually energy in the water of the oceans, streams and lakes. Now, imagine that energy is 800x more powerful than energy in the air provided by the wind turbines.
If you want to get technical, this is because water is 800x denser than air but for simplicity sake let’s just say water is 800x more full of energy than the air and wind.
So, if you take all this energy and put it in one area such as is done with a dam, you can use that power from the water as energy. This is called hydroelectric energy and can be seen in the form of a dam. There are also renewable energy sources that utilize water however are not in the form of a dam.
These sources are called Damless hydro systems. Damless hydro systems utilize the energy from water such as rivers and oceans without using a dam. The ocean is a huge source of renewable energy. A main source of energy from the ocean is called Tidal Power. Essentially, we use tidal power for energy by ‘capturing’ the energy from the tides.
There are two ways in which to capture energy from tides. The first way is to capture energy from the tides in a vertical direction. What this means is, when the tides come into the shore, water levels in pre-setup basins rise and then the tide rolls out.
The water that was captured in the basin that was setup is then put out through a turbine (like the wind turbine but for water) and the potential energy is stored until it is used.

Tidal power

The other tide energy source is from tidal motion in a horizontal direction. This means that we are using tidal stream power kind of like wind turbines but we are using generators for the tidal streams.
Again, imagine that water is 800x times more full of energy than the air and wind are. This means the little bit of water that is captured from the tides can provide that much more energy than the air and wind going through the wind turbines.
wave power
(photo by casualclicks )
Wave power is another water powered source of renewable energy. Like the tides and the windmill, wave power is gathered by wave power machines which capture the energy released from the waves. This source of renewable energy has reached a commercial level recently as well.
Using ethanol for your vehicle is another renewable energy source which has been particularly popular in the media lately. Surely you have heard of hybrid cars well, using ethanol instead of pure gasoline to run your vehicle is one step to being close to hybrid.
Basically, ethanol is not pure gasoline so right there we are going to improve our environment. Ethanolis a blend of alcohol and sugar combined with already existing gasoline to create a lesser percentage of pure gasoline to run a vehicle.
The use of renewable energy resources is bringing many nations together because they are seeing eye-to-eye on this issue. Currently nine countries have decided to implement a universal renewable energy resource agreement.
These nine countries are Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Implementing a universal renewable energy resource program or agreement has been a very big undertaking however is having very positive results.
Through the various countries and continents coming together and cooperating in identifying ‘best practice’ solutions for the renewable energy resource movement, nations have been coming together and agreeing on many of the most important issues facing on our planet today.
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Filed Under: Alternative Energy • Features

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energy

What are the sources and forms that everyone talks about?



EnergyRecently, a friend of mine told me: Why state the definition of energy? People will not want to learn about that. They just stick with an energy provider and power up their houses.

In fact, that is our biggest mistake. I think that we should know what lies behind everything, in order to make the proper decision.

I strongly believe, that by the time you navigate away from this site, you will be considering of installing a set of modules on you house, and changing your energy provider too.



Help us Keep Greening the world!
Consider donating some money to help us green the world next year as well.


Well, as a definition of energy I could state something like:

Energy is the ability to do work or to cause change.
OR
Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work.

But if you were looking for these you wouldn't be searching here anyway.
In fact, there is a
definition of energy at Wikipedia, but it tends to be too scientific and involve equations of physics.


I would prefer to use one simple definition of energy, which I was taught at school:

Energy is a term of physics which describes something that we can not hold or see.

We can only see the results of its application, and that's why you will never find a comprehensive definition of energy to please you.


To understand that, lets have a look at a couple of everyday examples:
We can see something moving which means that it has kinetic energy. Or
We can feel something is hot, meaning that it contains thermal energy.


To sum up, there are different forms of energy:



  • Potential Energy


    • Gravitational Potential Energy


    • Elastic Potential Energy


  • Kinetic Energy


  • Thermal Energy


  • Electric Energy


  • Chemical Energy


  • Nuclear Energy



Forms of Energy


Those are actually the main forms! I could name some more, but that's not our point right now.

Please have in mind that energy transforms from one form to another and it is never destroyed. This is generally known as the conservation of energy principle.

To Understand that, it is better to use an example again:
Imagine that you go for a ride with your car. You turn it on and it makes noise. After your ride, you park your car at the garage and you notice that engine is hot, and that the fuel is less too.
Here is what happened: The chemical energy (fuel) became kinetic, sound, and thermal energy as well.

Someone could say:
But I do NOT need sound or thermal energy either!
Indeed we loose energy by transforming it in other forms, but this is a necessary evil. What we can do, is energy efficient designs. Those apply not only on machines and vehicles but on buildings as well. We try to make everything use less, and lose less energy.



Well! I was looking something like green energy, or solar power lets say...
I have an answer to that as well. They simply are not forms of energy. These kind of terms refer on the sources where energy is obtained from.

Solar energy for example, is the energy we get from the sun and it is usually either in electric (electromagnetic) or thermal form.
Here is a nice article for solar energy on easy-green-living.org

Confused? Lets put things together.
Energy is something we can not see or touch.

But

We need it to move or shape things.

So


We get it from different sources.

And

Use it or store it in different forms.



Haven't told anything about sources of energy yet?
Well, there are two major categories:
-Conventional Energy Sources
-Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative or renewable energy sources will never be exhausted, whereas conventional sources are fading out day by day.
Need a list? Here it is:

Conventional sources are mostly used at present and actually harm the environment:



  • Fossil Fuels




    • Crude Oil or Petroleum


    • Coal


    • Natural Gas



  • Nuclear Power



Alternative Sources are those which do not harm the environment, and thank God, they will never fade out:



  • Biomass and Biofuels


  • Earth - Geothermal Energy


  • Water Movement - Hydroelectric, Wave Energy


  • Air Movement- Wind Power


  • Sun - Solar Power

Sources of Energy


You might say, I DO NOT CARE if it harms the environment, or how i will get it from!

Here is your answer: You may not care but your children do!
Why? because environment is suffering and natural habitat is going to get irreversibly damaged in a few years. We are destroying the earth that our children are going to live on!

So, do you want to do something to change that? Right decision. Think Green on every aspect of your everyday living. Use green - free energy to power up your house and transform it to work in a sustainable way to make our world greener. Everyone can help, and each tiny personal action counts.



P.S. As you can see, there is not such thing as a strict definition of energy. At least not one that everyone understands. The key here is to understand the hole idea and utilise energy as harmlessly as possible.




























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Process

1. Use the websites listed below to find information on your energy source that you are researching.  Make sure to mark which websites gave you the information for your works cited pages.
General Information on Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
Energy Resources
Energy Story
Renewable Energy
Energy Kids
Energy Guide
 OIL
Oil - aneasy-to-read explanation
http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472741Petroleum (Oil) - A fossil fuel http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/
Energy source: oil - ananimation
http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/351.htm

Petroleumhttp://www.sustainableenergy.qld.edu.au/sources/petroleum.htm
COAL
Coal - an easy-to-read explanation
http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472755
Coal - a fossil fuel http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/
Coalhttp://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/EXPLORE/n_renew/coal.htm
Energy source: traditional coal - ananimation
http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/353.htm

NATURAL GAS
Natural gas - aneasy-to-read explanation
http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472748
Natural gas - A fossil fuel http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/

Oil and gashttp://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/EXPLORE/n_renew/oil.htm
Natural gas http://library.thinkquest.org/C004471/tep/en/traditional_energy/natural_gas.html

NUCLEAR
Nuclear energy -an easy-to-read explanation
http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472762Nuclear energy (uranium)- Energy fromatomshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/
Nuclear energy - Fission and fusionhttp://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter13.html
Nuclear energyhttp://www.energychest.net/energy_sources/es_nuclear.html

PROPANE
Science Links
Propane
Use Propane
Propane

  
WIND ENERGY

Wind energyhttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472629
Wind energy http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/windenerg.htm
Wind energy http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter16.html
Wind energyhttp://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Kids+Wind

SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/solar.htm
Solar energyhttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472657
Solar energyhttp://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Kids+Sun
Solar energy - an animation
http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/355.htm

GEOTHERMAL  ENERGY
Geothermalhttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472734Geothermalhttp://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Kids+Geothermal

Geothermal energyhttp://www.sustainableenergy.qld.edu.au/sources/geo.html
GEO : Geothermal Education Office 
http://geothermal.marin.org/

HYDROPOWER ENERGY
What is hydropower?http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472727
Hydropower - Energy from moving waterhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/water.html
Hydro electricityhttp://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Kids+Hydro
Energy Source: Hydroelectric - an animation
http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/356.htm

BIOMASS ENERGY

Biomasshttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/justforkids/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=472685BIOMASS -- Energy from wood, rubbish, and agricultural waste http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/biomass.html
Biomass Energy 
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter10.html
Landfillhttp://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Kids+Landfill
Energy source: Biomass - an animation
http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/354.htm




Monday, 4 June 2012

NCSC THEMES AND SUBTHEMES FOR THE YEAR 2012 AND 2013 ARE ANNOUNCED




FOCAL THEME:

Energy: Explore, Harness & Conserve

SUB THEMES:         

I.      Energy Resources
II.     Energy Systems
III.    Energy & Society
IV.    Energy & Environment
V.     Energy Management & Conservation
VI.    Energy Planning & Modelling

Wednesday, 30 May 2012

Transit of Venus: Measuring the heavens in the 18th century

In scale and ambition, plans to record the transit of Venus were the 18th century equivalent of the Large Hadron Collider

We're crowd-sourcing useful transit of Venus web links and special events around the world in the comments below
Transit of Venus in 2004
The 2004 transit of Venus from the Flagler Beach Pier in Florida. The next transit is on 4/5 June. Photograph: Jim Tiller/AP
The 1761 transit of Venus was a watershed moment in the history of astronomy. It was the first time astronomers would have the opportunity to measure accurately the size of the solar system. The distance between the Earth and the Sun had been estimated, with variable degrees of success, since the Greeks, but this was different.
Thanks to a rare celestial alignment, Venus was to pass in front of the Sun, taking about six hours to cross the fiery disc. By recording the times of the start and end of the event from widely separated locations around the globe, trigonometry could be used to calculate the distance to Venus and the Sun. With that, Kepler's laws of planetary motion could be used to calculate the orbits of all the planets out to Saturn, the outermost known planet.
For societies that were still struggling with inadequate maps of their own countries, it was an unimaginable leap forward.
This grand quest was the beginning of big science. Measuring the size of the solar system was utterly beyond any single researcher. It required government-funded expeditions with hundreds of astronomers travelling the world to conduct this single, crucial scientific experiment.
In terms of the number of people involved, the cost and ambition of the endeavour, it was the 18th century equivalent of the Large Hadron Collider.
The catalyst for this grand quest was the second Astronomer Royal, Edmond Halley, who had helped trigger the Age of Enlightenment by predicting the return of the comet now bearing his name. Writing in 1716 for the Royal Society, Halley pointed out that transits would occur in 1761, 1769, and then not again for more than a century. He called astronomers to arms and warned them not to squander the opportunity.
But by the time 1761 arrived, so had the Seven Years War. England and France, and their various allies, were fighting. While the astronomers were happy to collaborate, travelling to remote locations to observe the transit would put them in the line of fire.
On 8 January 1761, HMS Seahorse left Portsmouth carrying Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, bound for Bencoolen, Sumatra. Only two days out, a French frigate with twice the firepower caught them. The pitched battle left 11 English sailors dead, 37 more wounded, and the ship so badly damaged she had to return home.
After repairs, and a stern reminder from the Royal Society in London about the importance of maintaining a stiff upper lip, the terrified astronomers set sail again. Other expeditions faced similar danger, but there was too much at stake to give up. If they failed to observe the transit, the chance to measure the solar system would be lost for another eight years.
Transit day itself saw around 200 astronomers engaged in various parts of the world. Some saw the transit, others missed out because of cloud. For those who measured the event, nature had another a trick to play on them: the "black-drop effect". The observations relied on the precise timing of Venus crossing into the face of the Sun. However, the planet did not move cleanly across the Sun's edge. Observers noted that Venus appeared to become elongated. When the planet suddenly resumed its round shape, it was far inside the sun and the moment had been lost.
Many thought that this proved Venus had an atmosphere. Now it is thought that turbulence in Earth's atmosphere or defects in the telescopes being used were the cause of the optical effect.
Whatever the reason, it seriously diminished the accuracy of the astronomers' observations, but galvanised them for the next transit in 1769. They would not be able to avoid the black-drop effect, but at least they knew what to expect. It was do or die – literally for some.
Noble-blooded Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche observed the 1761 transit from Siberia, protected by armed Cossacks. He observed the 1769 transit from Baja California, while those around him were dying of typhus. He contracted the disease eight days after the successful observation but a week before he needed a critical lunar sighting to establish his longitude. Without it, the transit measurements would be useless.
Chappe d'Auteroche fought the fever to survive long enough to make the lunar observation. He was buried in the sun-baked soil of San José, the only astronomer to have seen both 18th-century transits from start to finish.
The major British expedition for the 1769 transit was Captain Cook's voyage to Tahiti. Following success with the measurements on the island, Cook sailed on. Cook's return to England in 1771 allowed the final calculation of the sun's distance to be made. The combined results from all the various missions were within about 4% of the modern accepted value of 93m miles (150m kilometres). At the next pair of transits, in 1874 and 1882, the accuracy was improved to 1%.
Only since the Second World War have radar experiments with radio telescopes bettered those results. Yet the 18th century transits will always stand out. They represent the first time in history that the distances to the Sun and planets were measured, and the first global scientific collaboration.

Stuart Clark is an astronomy journalist and author of The Sky's Dark Labyrinth trilogy

The next transit of Venus is due on 5/6 June. We're putting together a set of useful links to background materials on the web or events happening around the world. Are you organising a party? Will you be watching and live-tweeting? Do you know of organisations putting out information on their websites? If so, please let us know in the comments below